Shuttle for looms



June 28, 1938. A. COHEN SHUTTLE FOR LOOMS Filed Jan. s, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 June 28, 1938.. A. COHEN SHUTTLE FOR LOOMS Filed Jan. a, 1933 SSheets-Sheet 2 I'll It1!!!!lllllIlll/IIIIIx/III/I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I /n vemor: W/ M M June 28, 1938. v A. COHEN 2,122,338

SHUTTLE FOR LOOMS Filed Jan. 6.. 1935 s Sheets-Sheet s [a z/czjffw:

Patented June 28, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Application January .8, 1933, Serial No. 650,566 In Germany January 11, 1932 17 Claims.

The invention relates'to a special construction of shuttles for looms as well as to the construction of the bobbins and holding spindles of such shuttles.

The ordinary loom shuttles fill up the maxi mum space which can be accepted 'lor the shed in the case of a loom, only very scantily, and consequently also permit only a bobbin having e quantity of yarn, which is slight in proportion to this shed-space, to be accommodated in the shed. This defect is, according to the lnvention, remedied in a simple manner by the loom shuttle being approximated in its cross-section to the size of the shed. The maximum degree of approximation results, moreover, it the cross-section of the shuttle is conformed also in its shape to the shape of the shed-it being shop-eel preferably in the form of a trapezoid.

With such a. shuttle approximated to the shed in size and, if desired, in shape, it is possible to accommodate in the shecl-spece which is present, and which in some circumstances can be angulerly widened, e, materially greater quantity of yarn and consequently to attain a considerable extension oi the running time of the shuttle and correspondingly o.- reductlon of the number of shuttle-changes. On the other hand it is possiple in the case of the given quantity of yarn, to accommodate this quantity in e, shed having a smaller angle than hitherto. These favourable effects may according to the invention be fur ther materially increased by there being emplayed for the shuttle not the ordinary round bobbin but o, bobbin-the body of the yarn on which is conformed to the shape of the shed by having an elongated cross-section. It is advantogeons so to shape the cross-section of this flat bobbin that it fills up as extensively as possible the shuttle assimilated to the shape and to the size of the shed.

Such flat bobbins can be obtained from round bobbins by changing them by winding or by changing them by presslne. The transformation of round into fiat bobbins can according to a the invention be in an especially simple manner facilitated, when a holding spindle is employed, by said holding spindle being turned to account as means for this object. For this purpose the spindle is according to the present invention given such an elongated shape in cross section that the body of yarn of a round bobbin put on it is converted positively into a flat shape. This elongated cross-section of the spindle may conform to the shape of the shed and for example may be of an oval shape, so that the flat bobbin produced by the spindle is made of a cross-section assimilated to the shape of the shed.

The conversion of 8. round bobbin into a flat bobbin with the old of the shuttle spindle may according to the invention be eflected simply by placing the bobbin on the spindle if the elongated cross-section of the spindle is of such dimensions that the cross-section of the body of the yarn on the bobbin is stretched into the desired elliptic or other flat shape merely by being pushed on. The spindle may also be composed of two or more parts which are movable relatively to one another and which on being swung to and fro bring about an alteration of the cross-section of the spindle, a feature which is well known per so as o. moons for attaining o. firmer adherence of the bobbin on the spindle, and moreover the transformation oi the bobbin may according to the invention be effected in an especially convenient and reliable manner by the swinging motion of the ports of the spindle helm mode full use of for this object. Fox-this purpose, according to the invention, the alteration of the cross-section of the spindle having two or more ports on the letter being swung tooncl fro extends over such a. great extent of the spindle and is made to be of such a great amount that the body of yarn on e bobbin mounted on the swung out spindle is positively converted by the swinging-in movement into a shape flatter relatively to its initial cross-section. The spindle may moreover be suitably so mounted in the shuttle that the greater diameter of the list cross-section given to the cobble. lies approximately in the direction of the middle of the shed.

The relative movabillty of the parts of the spindie during the swinging movement may according to the-invention be attained by means of eccentrics whereby considerably spread angles between the parts of the spindle can readily be attained, as is necessary for an alteration of the cross=sectlon of the spindle trenslorming a body of yarn. An extraordinarily simple and effective form ofconstruction of a multiple-part spindle according to the invention ls produced by the parts of the spindle being freely displaceable relatively to one another at their outer ends and being mounted'iirelatlvely to one another at their other ends in such a. manner that on the spindle being swung in its cross-section assumes the shape corresponding to the desired shape of the flat bobbin.

Moreover it is odvantageous {or the accommo- (lotion, in the loom -sl'mttle, of the swinging mechanism of a spindlev which is capable of being swung in and out, to provide the back or front walls of the shuttle according to the invention with an opening for the passage therethrough of the spindle and to permit the passage in and out of the parts of the spindle to take place in a plane transverse to said back or front wall. In that way a spreading apart of the parts of the spindle can be attained in a simple way in a direction approximately parallel to the bottom of theshuttle or in the direction of the middle of the shed. There is also obtained the advantage, compared with the otherwise usual introduction of the spindle through the upper side of the shuttie, that the yarn is better protected by the upper side of the shuttle, which can be closed entirely or to a great part and is reliably prevented during theweaving operation from protruding from the shuttle.

The bobbin which is to' be put on the divided or undivided spindle may be wound upon an inner tube of cardboard or other material by means of which it is placed on. the spindle. But itmay also be made without such an inner tube. Also. in the vcase of a shuttle which does not possess a divided or undivided spindle, 9. bobbin with an inner tube well as a bobbin without such an inner tube c n be used in the manner of the invention.

The drawings illustrate the loom shuttle according to the invention by way of example in several constructional forms. Fig. 1 shows in cross section a rectangular shuttle with a holding spindle which is elliptic in cross-section and Fig. 2 is a representation of adetail of this spindle. Fig. 3 illustrates in cross-section a shuttle which is constructed in the shape of a trapezoid and has a holding spindle of oval cross-section. Figs. 4, 5 and 6 show in part sectional front and side elevation and in cross-section a loom shuttie with a multiple=part holding spindle, the parts of which are displaceable relatively to one another by means of eccentrics. Figs.- 7 and 8 reproduce in front and side elevation a shute tle liiiewise provided with a multiple-part spindie, in the case of which shuttle the relative displacement of the parts of the spindle is effected by means of a wedge. Figs. 9, 10 and 11 show in front and side elevation and in cross-section a further constructional form of a loom shuttle having a spindle which is variable in cross-section when swung to and fro, in the case of which spindle this variation in cross-section is brought about merely by means of a special relative position of the points of oscillation of the parts of the spindle. Figure 12 shows in cross-section a loom shuttle used as means for transforming a body of yarn of a round bobbin into a flat bobbin.

'According to Fig. 1 the shuttle a is approximated to the size of the shed, which is formed by the warp threads 12, c between which a certain; angle is formed, by its cross-section having the shape of an elongated rectangle, which fills out I the shed to a much greater extent than a shutin its shuttle a tie a of the usual dimensions, which are-indicated in dotted lines. The yarn body (1 of the bobbin accommodated in this shuttle a possesses an elliptic cross-section which utilizes the crosssection of the shuttle and consequently the shed space to a more favourable extent than the or: dinary round bobbin d shown in dotted lines, When a spindle is providedfor holding the flat bobbin it said spindle also is elliptic in cross-section. This spindle e may have a cross-section tapering towards one end v in order to'enable the bobbin to be placed more readily on the spindle, or, in order, as for example Fig. 2 shows, that the shape of the spindle may be suited tothe form of the tube of the bobbin. The bobbin d is in the first place wound as a round bobbin, for example, on a cardboard tube of a. circumference equal to the elliptic cross-section of the spindle e and automatically becomes flattened on being pushed on to the spindle e.

According to Fig. 3 the shuttle a is approximated not only in size but also in shape to the shed b, 0, its cross-section possessing the shape of a trapezoid filling up the shed as much as is practically possible. The shuttle-spindle c has a cross-section which is suited to the triangular shape of the shed and the longitudinal centreline of which coincides with the centre-line xy of the shed and said cross-section determines the corresponding oval cross-section of the bobbin d mounted on said spindle. The flat bobbin d makes the most favourable use of the avail--- able interior space of the shuttle a and conseable to contain a considerable quantity of yarn. The bobbin d may both in the case of Fig. 2 and in that of Fig. 1 also be made without an inner cardboard tube and be put on the spindle e. Moreover the spindle e may be independent of the shuttle and not be inserted in the latter until after the bobbin has been put on.

According to Figsni to 6 the spindle of the shuttle I consists of three. parts 2, 3, 4 of which the two outer parts 2, 3 are similar to one another and taper towards their external ends to a point, the middle part 4 tapering inwards. The middle part 4 is revoluble about the pivotpin 5 mounted in the shuttle casing I, while the two side parts 2, 3 of the spindle are guided, with 4 the aid of the pins l2, l3 connected to them, on

' vertical line to the horizontal line and the spindle parts 2, 3 are in the form of wedges decreasing in their cross section towards their outer ends while the spindle part '4 is formed as a.

wedge increasing in its cross section towards its outer end. Consequently the spindle parts 2, 3, when the spindle is swung about the pivot pin 5 in the shuttle l out of the swung-out position indicated in Fig. 5 in dotted lines into the position represented in full lines, become shifted outwards relatively to the middle part 4 and thereby positively transform the cross-section of the spindle-compare Fig. 6from a contour-line permitting a round bobbin 1, 9 to be pushed on loosely practically over the whole length of the spindle, into the flat shape 8 suited to the shuttle. This is accomplished because the eccentrics 32 and 33, during the swinging movement from dotted line to full line position, move the 2, 3, 4 into the shuttle ii the round bobbin 9 can .be transformed positively into the flat bobbin ID. The swinging oi the spindle in and out takes greases place in this case through the upper wall ll of the shuttle.

v In the case of the arrangement according to Figs. '1 and 8, of the three parts i5, I8, I! which taper towards their outer ends the two outer ones l5, H are revoluble about a pivot pin l8 which is fixedly mounted in the shuttle I and on which an eccentric i9 is fixedly mounted by means of which the middle part it of the spindle guided with the aid of the pin in a. slot 2} in the shuttle casing is shifted relatively to the outer parts 15, ll of the'spindle when the latter is swung in and out. By means of this shifting of the middle part it the outer parts l5, ll of the spindle, which are connected together hymeans of springs 2d, 24', are so spread apart when the spindle is swung into the shuttle, that by a suitable alteration of the cross-section of the spindle, which alteration extends over the whole length of the spindle, a round bobbin put on said spindle in its swung out position is transformed positively into a hat bobbin.

In the case of the weaving shuttles according to Figs. 9 to ii the spindle consists of two parts as, it the outer ends of which are freely displaceable relatively to one another and moreover are held together by means of a cap 2! accommodated on one part 25, while the inner ends of these parts 25, '26 are mounted with the aid of fixed axles 355'. 35, about which the whole spindle can be swung in and out through the back wall 26 oi the shuttle. The two axles at, it: are arranged in such relative positions in the shuttle that the angle formed between the parts 2%, 2d ofthe spindle is increased when the spindle is swung into the shuttle and consequently the round bobbin 2% pot on the spindle in the swung out position of the latter is positively converted into the fiat bobbin The plane in which the parts 2%, of the spindle are swung may be parallel to the bottom surface 33 of the shuttle or coincide with the central plane ZiJ- EZ oi the shed or the parts 2d, of the spindle sltuatedin the middle plane X -Y of the shed be arranged on a special car-=- rier which itself is capable of swinging paral lel to the bottom 8% or? the shuttle and is indicated in ii in dotted lines. Moreover the parts of the spindle which are movable relatively to one another may, if the spindle is capable of being removed completely item the shuttle, be arranged even separately from the shuttle for example, on a separate support, and be intro-- duced into the shuttle after the bobbin has been put on and been transformed, any sort of bolding or clamping means whatever being provided ior this purpose. Y

The flattened bobbin may be provided for in the shuttle not only parallel to the surface oi the bottom of the shuttle or in the direction of the central plane of the shed but also in another direction, i'or example, in any direction lying between these two planes. Also the swinging movement can take place in each of these directions. The direction in which the fiat bobbin lies in the shuttle, must notdetermine the direction of the swinging out movement. Moreover the divided or the undivided spindle may according to the invention instead of being employed for converting round into fiat bobbins also be otherwise employed for transforming the yarn-bodies of bobbins, for example, in order to convertan angular bobbin cross-section into a cross-section limited in shape by curves, for which it is merely necessary for the cross-section of the spindle to be of a corresponding shape. Further, when spindles having two or more partsare employed, the relative motion of these parts. by means of which motion the transformation of the bobbins is brought about, can also be attained without swinging the spindle by changing the relative position of the parts of the spindle by means of inserted wedges or similar means or merely by displacement.

Finally, in the case of tubular cops or in general in the case of bobbins without, interior tubes and with thread'unwound from the interior of the bobbin, the transformation of the cross-section of the body of yarn may be attained, without having recourse. to a holding spindle, simply by the interior of the shuttle, which serves to house the yarn, possessing an elongated cross-section as shown in Fig. 12 where the cross section of the shuttle 38 possesses the shape of a trapezoid and by the body of yarn being converted, from an initial diameter exceeding the width 'or height of this cross-section, as indicated in Fig. 12 by the dotted circle 38" into a shape approximating for example the shape of the shuttle, as indicated ,in Fig. 12 by the contour line Ml, by being forced into the interior of the shuttle.

I claim:

1. A shuttle for looms comprising a casing having an opening in one side, a. spindle consisting oi-taperingly arranged parts movable longitudinally one with respect to another, spindle supporting means in the shuttle at one end of the spindie and supporting the spindle for swinging movement at its free end into and out of the casing through the opening, said spindle supporting means including means causing longitudinal movement of the spindle parts relative to each other during swinging movement and thereby causing lateral spreading of the spindle parts as they are swung into the casing, and a cap carried by the free end oi one of the spindle parts and enclosing the free end oi the spindle to hold the parts together.

2. A shuttle for looms comprising a casing having; anopenlng in one side, o. spindle consisting of a pair of members converging uniformly toward each other from end to end and contacting at their point 01 convergence. spaced pivot niernberu in the casing parallel to the open casing side and having the spaced ends of the spindle members mounted thereon, and a cap on the free end oi one of said spindle members and engaging over the free end of the other spindle member to hold said free ends from spreading.

3. A shuttle for looms comprising a casing hav inc; an opening in one side, a shaft fixed across one end of the casing parallel to the open casing side, a spindle member of bluntly wedge shape and having its smaller end pivoted on the shaft to swing at its free and through said opening, a pair of spindle members supported against the sides of the first mentioned member for sliding movement longitudinally thereof, and to swing with said first mentioned member as the latter swings on the shaft, and means for effecting longitudinal movement of the pair of members on the first mentioned member as the latter swings.

4. A sl'iuttle for looms comprising a casing having an opening in one side, a shaft fixed across one end of the casing parallel to the open casing side, a spindle member of bluntly wedge shape and having its smaller end pivoted on the shaft to swing at its free end through said opening, a pair of spindle members supported against the sides of the first mentioned member for sliding swings on the shaft, and a pair of eccentrics fixed to said shaft on opposite sides of the pivot connection of the first mentioned member, said eccentrics engaging the adjacent ends of the pair of members and shaped to cause movement of the pair'of members towards the larger end of the first mentioned member as the latter is swung into the casing.

5. A shuttle for looms comprising a casing havingan opening in one side, a. shaft fixed across one end of the casing parallel to the open casing side-a spindle member of bluntly wedge shape and having its smaller end pivoted on the shaft to swing at its free end through said opening, a pair of spindle members tapered in a direction opposite the taper of the first mentioned member and supported against the sides of the first mentioned member for sliding movement longitudinally thereofland to swing with said first mentioned member as the latter swings on the shaft, and means for efiecting longitudinal movement of the pair of members on the first mentioned member as the latter swings.

6. A shuttle for looms comprising a casing having an opening in one side, a shaft fixed across one end of the casing parallel to the open casing side, a spindle member of bluntly wedgev shape and-having. its smaller end pivoted on the shaft .to swing at its free end through said opening, a pair of spindle members tapered in a direction opposite the taper of the first mentioned member and supported against the sides of the first mentioned member for sliding movement longitudinally thereof, and to swing with said first mentioned member as the latter swings on the shaft, and a pair of eccentrics fixed to said shaft on opposite sides of the pivot connection of the first mentioned member, said eccentrics engaging the v adjacent ends of the pair of members and shaped to cause movement of the pair of members toward the larger end of the first mentioned member as the latter is swung into the casing.

7. A method for transforming the shape of a round body of yarn of a bobbin, particularly for loom shuttles, consisting in applying the body of yam to a spindle, said spindle comprising a plurality of sections and having a fiat cross-section and moving the sections of the spindle to increase the distance between the outer edges ot the sections engaging the yarn thereby transforming the round body of yarn into a bobbin of reater width than height.

8. A method for transforming the shape of a round body of yarn of a bobbin, particularly for loom shuttles, into a bobbin wider than its height, consisting in applying a round body of yarn to a sectional spindle, in separating the sections of the spindle to spread the yarn transversely of the direction of movement of the shuttle in its travel through a shed, and simultaneously reducing the dimension of the bobbin in a direction at right angles to the aforesaid spreading movement.

-9. A method of transforming the shape of a' round body of yarn of a bobbin, particularly for loom shuttles, into a fiat cross-section, consisting in applying the bobbin to a spindle having a flat cross-section greater than the diameter of the tubular interior cavity of the round bobbin over at least apart of the spindle" length, the said spindle being operative'upon'application of the bobbin thereto to transform-the round cross-sec-' tion of. the bobbin of yarn into a fiat cross-section,

: thereby reducing the dimension .of the round of the shuttle. a; 16. A device f orgggttening a rotmd body of yarn elongated cross-sectional part of the yarn.

10. A device for flattening the shape of a body of yarn ofa round bobbin for loom. shuttles, comprising a rod as a holding spindlefor bobbins having an elongated cross-section, and a body of yarn of a round bobbin having .an interior diameter smaller than the width of the cross-section of the rod, the said bobbin being transversely'distorted by reason of the elongation of the said rod.

11. A device for flattening the shape of a body of yarn. of a round bobbin, particularly of a loom shuttle or the like, comprising a rod as a holding spindle for the body of yarn, said spindle having a cross-section of-greater width than height, the said spindle being operative when a body of yarn is pushed upon it to distort the round body of yarn and form it 'into a body having greater width than height.

12. In an expansible spindle for loom shuttles comprising at least two parts movable relatively one to the other, a body of yarn of a bobbin having an interior hollow space applied to the spindle,

and means for laterally spreading said movable parts to a width greater thanthe width of the interior hollow space of the body of yarn of the bobbin to be applied thereto whereby to flatten said body of yarn.

13. A device for flattening the shape of a body of yarn of a round bobbin, particularly for loom shuttles and the like, consisting of a round body 'of yarn having a tubular interior cavity and of a holding spindle for the said body of yarn constituting a wedge-shaped element capable of being introduced into the tubular cavity of the body of yarn, and distorting the said round body of yarn transversely to flatten it.

14. A shuttle for looms, said shuttle comprising a holiowed'casing having a width greater than its height, one wall .of said, casing being formed to provide an opening therein, a. spindle for said shuttle, said spindle comprising a pair of separate and substantially identical members arranged substantially side by side in said casing and pivotally secured thereto for swinging movement to and fro through said opening, the outer side edges of said members being straight, means whereby swinging of said members outwardly of said casing brings them into juxtaposition to provide aspindle of reduced diameter to permit the application of an oversized cylindrical cop of yarn thereto, said cop having a diameter greater than 1 the height of said casing, said means also causing said spindle members to move apart in a horizontal plane throughout substantially their entire lengths as they are swung into said casing whereby to cause the straight outer sides of said spindle to stretch said cop laterally into a flattened cop larly for loom shuttles, comprising a spindle, consisting of at 'leasttwo parts, means for. mounting the parts for movement longitudinally one with respect to the other and for simultaneous oscillatory movement, a body of yarn of a. round bobbin, and (means for subjecting the movable parts of the spindle when swung in one direction to a lateral spreading to a width greater than the interior diameter of the round body of yarn of the bobbin applied thereto to flatten the same 'until'theheight t ereof is not greater than that amazes of a round bobbin and for holdini the same, particularly for loom shuttles, comprising a spindle, consisting of at least two parts movablelongitudiv na'lly one with respect to the other and mounted" for to and fro movement. a body 01 yarn of a round bobbin to be flattened being applied to the said spindle, and means whereby the swinging movement of the spindle parts when. moved in one direction operates to spread the spindle parts to a degree greater than the internal diameter of the round body of yarn operated upon toflatten the same until the height thereof is not greater thanthat oi the shuttle.

17. A device for flattening the shape of a body of yarn oi a mimobobbm and for holdin the same. particularly for loom shuttles, comprising a spindle, consisting of at least two parts, means for mounting the parts for oscillatory movement, means for causing the movable parts of the spindle to include an angle varying with the oscillatory movement of the-parts and attaining at one end position of the oscillation maximum value determining a triangle area larger at the base than the interior base diameter of the body of yarn applied to the spindle to .flatten the same until the height thereof is not greater than that of the shuttle. a 

